Us. Missile alert systemunited states space surveillance networksatellite control network
Grenada - operation urgent furylebanese civil warlibya - operation eldorado canyonpersian gulf - operation ernest willpanama - operation just causesomalia - operation united shieldhaiti - operation uphold democracybosnia and herzegovina and croatia - operation joint endeavorbosnia and herzegovina and croatia - operation joint guardbosnia and herzegovina and croatia - operation joint endeavorbosnia and herzegovina and croatia - operation joint forgesouthwest asia - operation vigilant sentinelsouthwest asia - maritime intercept servicessouthwest asia - operation southern watch southwest asia - operation northern watchsouthwest asia - operation desert foxhaiti - operation safe tomorrowgulf warkosovo air campaignkosovo defense campaign iraq campaign[7]
As a us space force
Global defense against terrorismafghan campaign war campaign against islamic state[8 ]nasausa. Space forcemercurygeminiapolloskylabspace shuttle-mircommercial crew
Crs explorersglslarge strategiclunar orbiterlunar precursormarinermars explorationnew millenniumpioneerplanetary missions discovery new frontierssolar system exploration
Mercurygeminiapollospace shuttlecape canaveral space force station kennedy space centermid-atlantic regional spaceportpacific spaceport-alaskavandenberg space force base
Alphaantares atlas vdelta iv heavyelectronfalcon 9 full thrustiiiiivvc
National intelligence agencyus space commandspace development agencyus space force historyus space tracking networkdepartment of energy national laboratories commercial space administration federal aviation administrationnational environmental satellite, information and information servicespace trade administrationspace weather prediction center
Astraball aerospacebigelow aerospaceblue originboeingfirefly aerospacelockheed martinraytheonrocket labnorthrop grummansierra nevada corporationspacexsslunited launch alliance virgin galacticvirgin orbitvte department of defense department of homeland security joint chiefs of staff department of the army department of the navy department of the air force united states army united states marine corps us navy us air force us space force us coast guard africa command central command cyber command european command indo-pacific command northern commando southern command space command special operations command strategic command transportation command defense contract management authority ministry of health agency defense information agency systems department of defense intelligence agency department of defense logistics agency department of defense threat reduction agency national geospatial-intelligence agency national security agency/central security servicesvtethe us space force (ussf) is the space service https://keycodesoftware.com/ branch of the us armed forces, the first of the eight services and the only independent space force in the world. Along with its subsidiary, the united states air force, the space force is considered part of the department of the air force, one of three civilian-led military departments in the department of defense. The space force, through the department of the air force, is controlled by the secretary of the air force, a civilian political appointee who reports to the secretary of defense and is appointed by the president with senate approval. The military head of the space force is the chief of space operations, who is immediately recognized as the most senior officer in the space force. The chief of space operations oversees the space force units and is one of the members of the joint chiefs of staff.
The space force is not the largest us military force, with 8,400 troops.The space force operates a total of 77 spacecraft under various programs such as gps, space fence, military satellite communications constellations, x-37b spaceplanes, us missile attack notification system, america's space surveillance network, and satellite control network. Under the goldwater-nichols act, the space force is responsible for organizing, educating, and equipping the space force, which is then transferred to the joint combatant commands, primarily the us space command, for operational use.
Usa space force dates back to the beginning of the cold war, when the first space programs of the army air forces began in 1945. Forces[11][12] and continues to live as the center of space and missile systems of the space forces. The air force was formed within several different major air force commands until the young ladies turned into amalgamated when knowledge day 1982 air force space command was coined. The u.S. Space force first began conducting military combat support transactions in vietnam and continued to provide satellite communications, weather, and navigation support during the 1982 falklands war, the 1983 u.S. Invasion of grenada, and the u.S. Bombing of libya in the 1986 and the us invasion of panama in 1989. The first major use of space forces culminated in the gulf war, in which they proved so important to the us-led coalition that it is sometimes referred to as the first "space war". Was conducted in 1958, and in 1982 such an idea was also considered by president ronald reagan. The space commission of the turn of the century advocated the creation of the space corps between 2007 and 2011 and a bipartisan assortment in the us congress would have led to the creation of the us space corps in 2017. On december 20, 2019, the us space forces act was signed. Within the limits of national defense authorization legislation, the reorganization of the air force space command and other air force space units into the american space force, and the creation of the first new independent military service since the reorganization of the us air force into the us air force in 1947.
Mission[edit]
The us space force act codified the space force as organized, trained, and equipped to provide freedom of viewing for america." States in space, from space, and into space" and to enable operational and sustainable space operations", with its stated responsibilities listed as "protecting the priorities of the united states in space, deterring aggression in interstellar space, from space and into space, and conducting space operations ". Operations."[13]
August 10, 2020, the space force released its founding doctrine "space power: space force doctrine", which further expanded the listed missions and responsibilities. In "space power » the space force defines its three cornerstone commitments that articulate why space power is vital to u.S. Prosperity and security, to ensure freedom of space vision, to ensure joint lethality and effectiveness, and in addition to provide independent capabilities to u.S. National leadership capable of achieving national spacepower sets out the five core competencies of the space force: space security, combat power display, space mobility and logistics, information mobility, and space domain awareness.Spacepower lists the seven disciplines of space power required for core competencies, like orbital warfare, space electrome natal warfare, space battle management, space connectivity and support, military intelligence, cyber operations, and development and acquisition.[14]
air force space program (1945–2019) general henry h. Arnold, who long before the next space flight identified space as the most important military arena. After gaining independence from the us army in 1947, the us air force began developing military space and ballistic missile software, including competing with the army and navy in fantasy flights in 1949.[15]
In 1954, the air force established its first space organization, the western development division, under general bernard schriever.[11][12] the western development division, and its successor, the air force ballistic missile division, played a major role in the development of the first us military launch vehicles and spacecraft, competing predominantly with the army's ballistic missile agency under general john bruce medaris and a former german scientist. Wernher von braun.The launch of sputnik 1 sparked a massive reorganization of military space, and the creation of the advanced research projects agency in 1958 was a short-lived attempt at centralized control of military space, with some fearing that it would become a military service to space, with the authorities. Was returned to work in 1959.
However, the creation of nasa in 1958 abolished the army ballistic missile authority, in the process, the air force ballistic missile division became the central military space organization. The air experiments and development command was reorganized into the air force systems command and the air force ballistic missile division was replaced by the space systems division - the first air force. The division is focused only on space. In the 1960s, military space activities began to take place: aerospace defense command took over control of missile warning and space surveillance on behalf of norad, strategic air command took over the weather intelligence mission, and air force systems command used the first generations of communication satellites. On behalf of the ministry of communications of the ministry of defense.
"Space science, like nuclear science and all methods, has no conscience of its own. Whether it becomes a force for good or evil depends on the person. And pure if the united states will take the lead, we can help decide whether this new ocean will be a peaceful sea or a new terrifying theater of war i'm not saying that visitors should or will remain unprotected from hostile misuse of space, in the same way that our company remains unprotected from hostile use land or sea.”
—John f. Kennedy, rice speech, september 12, 1962[16]
In 1967, the space tube department and balli the missile division was merged into the space and missile systems organization, which began building the next generation of satellite communications, space missile warning, space launch vehicles and infrastructure, and the forerunner of the global positioning system. They saw their first use during the vietnam war, providing meteorological and communications support to ground and air forces. The fragmented nature of the military space forces of the three military commands has led to a reassessment of the organization of the space forces in the air force formula. In 1979, the space and missile systems organization was split to form the space division, and in 1980 the aerospace defense command was deactivated and its space force transferred to the strategic air command. As a result of internal and external pressure, in particular the congressman's attempt to rename the air force aerospace energy and the possibility that president reagan would lead the creation of the space force as a separate military unit, the air force led the formation of the aerospace force. Air force space command at the end of the last century.
During the 1980s, air force space command absorbed the space missions of strategic air command and the launch mission from air force systems command. Space force provided space support during the falklands war, the us invasion of grenada, the us bombing of libya in 1986, operation serious will, and the us invasion of panama. The tactical use of space forces culminated in the gulf war, where space forces proved so valuable to the us-led coalition that it is sometimes referred to as the first space war.[18][19][17]
After the end of the gulf war, the air force came under scrutiny from congress, trying to artificially combine its air and space operations into a single aerospace continuum, apart from the distinction between space and air. Throughout the 1990s, a number of options were put forward for the creation of an independent space force, even the proposal of air force space command lieutenant colonel cynthia a.S. Mckinley in 2000, who called for the creation of a us space guard. The 2001 space commission criticized the air force for institutionalizing the primacy of aviation pilots over space officers in the air force space command, for suppressing the development of an independent space culture, and for insufficient budgetary attention to space. The space commission recommended the formation of the space corps in the air force ingredients between 2007 and 2011, but later an independent space force is usually created. The 9/11 attacks stalled much of the progress in space development, leading to the deactivation of space command america and the onset of a period of atrophy in military space.The only major change was the transfer of the space and missile systems center from the air force high command to the air force space command. After the deactivation of the us space command in 2002, russia and china began to create complex orbital finance and an anti-space weapon complex, at the same time, tests of the chinese anti-satellite missile of the 21st century are of particular concern, since 2841 high-speed debris objects were formed as a result of such goals. , More dangerous space debris than any other space event in a lifetime.[17] the allard commission report, released after the 2007 chinese anti-satellite missile test, called for a reorganization of the national security space, but many of its recommendations were not implemented by the air force.[21]
A disaffected air force who , in their view more interested in jet fighters than space, representatives jim cooper and mike rogers unveiled a bipartisan proposal in the house of representatives to form the united states space corps as a separate military service in the air force department, with the commandant of the space corps as a member of the joint chiefs of staff . This proposal was put forward to separate space professionals from the air force, give space a greater cultural focus, and help develop a more compact and operational space research system. This remained done due to congressional concerns that the space mission had become subordinate to the air force's preferred mission of air supremacy and that the air force was treating space officers unfairly, however representative rogers noted that none of the 37 air force colonels were selected for this year. Promotions to brigadier general were astronaut officers, and that only 2 of the 450 hours of professional air force military education were devoted to space. The proposal was passed by the house of representatives, but was dropped from the final bill in negotiations with the us senate.[21] after rejecting the proposal, representatives cooper and rogers heavily criticized the air force leadership for not taking threats in interstellar space seriously and continuing to resist reform. The proposal of the space corps was largely driven by the development of the strategic support forces of the people's liberation army and the russian space forces. [Edit]
The space corps proposal took on a new biography when, at the national space council meeting in june 2018, president donald trump directed the department of defense to begin the necessary processes to manufacture the united states. Space energy as a kind of armed units.[26] on february 19, 2019, directive 4 on space policy was signed, initially calling for the placement of the american space force within the department of the air force, and then the creation and transfer of the service to the department of space forces. Space force legislative provisions were included in the 2020 national defense authorization act, which was signed into law on december 20, 2019. The space force emerged as the sixth branch of the armed forces under the command of air force general john "jay" raymond. Air force space command and us space command, becoming the first chief of space operations. On january 14 of the following year, raymond was formally sworn in as chief of space operations by vice president mike pence. Barrett designated the air force's fourteenth air force space command as space operations command. All 16,000 air force space command and civilian personnel have been assigned to the new service. Major organizational changes during the first year included the replacement of its space wings and task forces with deltas and garrisons on july 24, 2020 and the announcement of the field command structure, merging wings and groups into deltas, and numbered air nerve cells, and major commands into field commands.Space delta 2 became the space domain awareness delta, replacing the 21st task force; space delta 3 became the space electronic warfare delta, replacing the 721st task force; space delta 4 became the missile warning delta, replacing the 460th task force and absorbing the ground-based missile warning radars of the 21st task force; space delta 5 became delta control, replacing the 614th air operations center; space delta 6 became the process delta in cyberspace, replacing the 50th network operations group; space delta 7 became the intelligence, security, and intelligence delta, replacing the 544th air combat intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance group; space delta 8 became the satellite connectivity and navigation delta, replacing the 50th task force; space delta 9 became the orbital warfare delta, replacing the 750th task force; the peterson-shriver garrison became responsible for base management of peterson air force base, schriver air force base, cheyenne mountain air force base, thule air force base, new boston air force base, and caena point satellite tracking station, replacing the 21st space wing. And the 50th space wing; the buckley garrison became the host base for buckley air force base, cape cod air force base, cavalier air force base and clear air force base, replacing the 460th space wing.[32]
21st october new year space operations command was conceived as the first field command to replace the headquarters of the air force space command. The first space operations command (renamed fourteenth air force) was reorganized back into the fourteenth air force, decommissioned on october 21 of this year and returned to the structure of the usaf. On the same day, the newly created space operations command-west was activated. The command is transferred to space skills as a senior enlisted advisor to the space force, becoming its second part and first enlisted member. On april 18 this year, 86 graduates of the us air force academy became the first group of second lieutenants in the us space force. On july 16, 2020, the space force selected 2,410 space operations officers and enrolled space option operators for transfer to the space force, with the first recommissioning or re-recruitment taking place on knowledge day. The space force swore in its first 7 recruits on october 20 this year, completed basic military training on december 10, 2020, and the first officer training school candidates were inducted on october 16. The space force also hired a personal first astronaut, and on december 18, 2020, colonel michael s. Hopkins, commander of spacex crew-1, took the oath of office to the space force from the international space station.[38][39][40]</>During the first year, major symbols were also placed: the us space force seal approved on january 15, 2020 and displayed on january 24, 2020, the us space force flag debuted at the 2020 armed forces day proclamation signing ceremony on may 15, 2020 . The symbol of the delta space force and the motto semper supra issued on july 22, 2020, and the official service rank of guardian was announced on december 18, 2020. 43][44] the first air force facilities were renamed on december 9, 2020, and patrick air force base and air force station at cape canaveral were renamed space force base patrick and space force station at cape canaveral. This september, the space force and nasa signed a memorandum of understanding formally recognizing the joint role of both agencies. This new memorandum replaced another document signed in 2006 between nasa and air force space command.[46] the space force's first military operations as a new service included an early warning of missile strikes by the iranian islamic revolutionary guard corps aerospace forces on us troops at al-assad air base on january 7 of the coming year using a space-based infrared system in the second case of the space warning squadron. The space force also looked after the spacecraft of the space forces of the russian federation, they monitored us government satellites. “Always on top, performed by the us air force band during the 2022 air and space forces association air mass, space, and cybersecurity conference in national harbor, maryland.[49]
The space force the us is organized and run by the civilian department of the air force, which similarly runs the us air force. The department of the air force is under the direction of the minister of the air force (secaf) and the vice minister of the air force, who are commonly referred to as civilian political appointees. The most senior space force officer is the chief of space operations (cso), in the event that a space force general is not considered the chairman or vice chairman of the joint chiefs of staff.The secretary of the air force and the chief of space operations are responsible for organizing, recruiting, maintaining, and equipping the space force for use by the joint combatant commands, primarily the us space command.[50][51]
Space force field organizations consist of three different echelons of command: field commands, deltas or garrisons, and squadrons. Field teams correspond to specific mission areas and are led by a lieutenant general or major general. Deltas and garrisons are organized around a specific function, such as operations or training in the case of a delta, or installation support in the case of a garrison, and are led by a colonel. Squadrons are focused on specific tactics and are led by a lieutenant colonel.[52]
Space headquarters[edit]
Space headquarters, also known as the office of the chief of space operations or headquarters the apartment, which is the highest headquarters of operations and headquarters, is located in the pentagon. (Cso), who holds the four-star rank of general and is responsible for organizing, maintaining, and equipping the space force and is the chief adviser to the secretary. Air force on space force. In addition to his service role, the cso serves on the joint chiefs of staff (jcs), providing advice to the president and secretary of defense.
The deputy chief of space operations (vcso), also a general, is the deputy chief of space operations and is responsible for oversight, integration of space policy and governance, and coordination of space-related activities of the us space force and department of the us air force. The chief master sergeant of the space force (cmssf) is considered the most senior enlisted member of the space force, unless the enlisted guardian remains the senior enlisted adviser to the chairman. The cmssf provides guidance and representation to the enlisted corps of the space force and acts as a personal advisor (cso) and (secaf) on matters related to welfare, readiness, morale, operation, and development of members. Space forces. Lieutenant general and guarantees personnel actions, protocol, information technology and administration, portals and general forces integration groups. The director of headquarters also ensures that policies, plans, positions, manipulations, and cross-functional issues are synchronized for us space force headquarters staff.
Three deputy chiefs of the department of space operations work in parallel with the director of headquarters. Deputy chief of space manipulation, software personnel and logistics, also known as key human capital specialist, head of headquarters s1/4 and is a civilian member of the supreme executive service.
Chief operations director officer[edit]
Deputy chief of space operations, operations, cyber and nuclear operations, also known as the chief operating officer (coo), heads the human resources department s2/3 to 6/ 10. And becomes a lieutenant general in charge of space force operations, intelligence, support, cyber and nuclear support operations. Deputy chief of space manipulation, strategy, plans, programs, standards and analysis software, also known as the chief systems and resources officer, heads the s5/8/nine headquarters and is a lieutenant general in charge of space forces. Strategies, rules and budget.[58]
Ceo of technology and innovation[edit]
Ceo of technology and innovation aiser is a civilian member of the supreme executive service.[59]
List of staff[edit]
Space operations command[edit]
Space operations command ( spoc is the first u.S. Space force field command commanded by a lieutenant general. The current commander is lieutenant general stephen n. Whiting. Spoc was formed on october 21, 2020 by renaming the headquarters of the us space force, it was transformed from the headquarters of the air force space command on december 20 of this year, when the space force was invented. Spoc provides more space operations, cyber operations, intelligence operations, and spoc base management, and in addition serves as the space effort service component of the us space command. It is responsible for eight space mission deltas and two garrisons.
Spoc west is responsible for executing space combat deals and is led by a major general who is also spoc's deputy commander and commander of space command's joint forces space component command united states, and here spoc west serves as the headquarters. The current commander is major general douglas schiess.Spoc west was reassigned from the original space operations command following a speech by the current space operations command on october 21 of the new year. This first spoc was reassigned from fourteenth air force air force space command on 20 december 2020. >Space systems command[edit]
Space systems command (ssc) is the space force's procurement, engineering, research and development, and launch field command and is commanded by lieutenant general. The current commander is lieutenant general michael getlein. Ssc is the department of defense's oldest space organization, established on july 1, 1954 as the western development branch of the air experiment and development command under the command of general bernard schriever.[11] [12] it went through a series of iterations: in 1957 it was renamed the air force ballistic missile division, in 1961 the air force systems command space systems division, in 1967 the space and rocket tube organization in 1979. - To the space division. , Space systems division in 1990, space and missile systems center under air force logistics command in 1992, before being transferred to air force space command in 2001, third, space structures command from 13 august 2021 ssc is responsible for two space launch deltas, six directorates, 1 division, 1 garrison and approximately 11,000 guards. The insignia of the space systems command is trimmed in gold to distinguish it from the space transactions command and embodies the excellence required of the spacecraft launch business. Ssc was also given command of the strategic warning and tracking network division of the air force life cycle control center.
Space training and readiness command[edit]
Space training and readiness command ( starcom is the third and final major field command of the space force, whose main role is to develop separate space training, education, experimentation and feigning, and to develop doctrine for the force. It was activated on 23 august 2021 and is commanded by brigadier general sean n. Bratton, air national guard (agr). Each subordinate delta is commanded by a colonel and is organized into separate squadrons. As of 2021, starcom operates five space operations deltas. All starcom units' sleeve insignia are cannes blue.[65]
Clarifications possible during us air force strategic basing[66]
Us space force indo -pacific[edit]
Us space force indo-pacific is the field command of the us space force component of the us indo-pacific command. It intends, coordinates, supports and executes space services across the entire spectrum of military operations, including security cooperation and arbitration of us command objectives in the indo-pacific region. It became activated on november 22, 2022 at an activation ceremony at joint base pearl harbor-hickam, hawaii. >United states space forces central command is the field command of the united states space forces component of central command in the states, headquartered at macdill air force. It thinks about, coordinates, supports, and executes space operations across the entire spectrum of military operations, including collaboration-focused risk-free arbitrage goals for us central command. It was activated on 2 december 2022 at an activation ceremony at macdill air force base. Directly to the head of space transactions, and not through an intermediate chain of commands to contact them.[62][69]
Reserve components[edit]
Unlike from other branches of the us military, the us space force does not currently have standby components. A us space force federal reserve is planned for 2021, while a space national guard component is being discussed.[70][71]
The space force operates six major bases, seven small stations, and one airbase in greenland. On december 9, 2020, patrick air force base and cape canaveral air force station in florida were the first space force facilities to be renamed to patrick space force bases and cape canaveral space investment station. Over the next seven months, the remaining facilities were renamed. The service also has ten units based overseas in greenland, the united kingdom, ascension island, diego garcia atoll, alaska, hawaii and guam. During the period of transition from air force control, only one renaming of the site went beyond replacing the suffix "air force base" - the former kaena point satellite tracking station in hawaii, it was simplified to kaena point space force station.One site not yet renamed, los angeles air force base, which is already under the administrative control of the space force.
Partnerships with other organizations[edit]
Space us command. Equipping most us space command forces. The space force service component for space command is the space operations command, which provides the bulk of the space force. Us space command also consists of smaller forces from the us army, us marine corps, us navy, and us air force. This reflects the relationship between the space force's predecessor, air force space command, and space command in the states and, during the period from 2002 to 2019, us strategic command).[75]
Us air force [edit]
The us space force and the us air force are equal sister units in the united states. State department of the air force, a civilian military agency under the department of defense. The space force's direct predecessor, air force space command, was the air force's main command, and air force space specialists served in air education and education command, air combat command, air force logistics command, and the rest of the major air force commands. Prior to the formation of the air force space command at the end of the last century, air force space assets were distributed between the air force systems command for launch and order, the aerospace defense command (until it was deactivated in 1979 and the strategic air command. The predecessor of the space force, the western development division, was created in 1954 under the air force research and writing command of the air force.[11][12]
Space force receives a significant amount of support air force personnel who are provided with civil engineers, security forces, logistics, contract , financial and medical staff, which are then sent to the space force garrisons.Fantastic forces and the air force also only have the same service secretary and military department, but also common sources of commissioning and training programs, like the us air force academy, aviation institute and air force basic military training air force research laboratory and scientific research coordination the th air force (afosr) also provides surveys for space works and the air force. And a member of the us intelligence community responsible for the design, construction, launch and maintenance of reconnaissance satellites. The national reconnaissance office was released in 1961 as a joint agency of the us department of defense and the central intelligence agency, declassified and recognized in 1992. The space force performs nro space launches and is made up of 60% agency personnel. Proposals have been put forward, even by the air force association and retired air force lieutenant general david deptula, to merge the nro with the space force, transform it into the space money intelligence, reconnaissance and surveillance command, and consolidate the entire national security space. Fantastic device. ), Which uses government and contract spacecraft to launch important government payloads. Nssl supports both ussf and nro, as well as navy. Nro director scolese described his agency as critically surprising for us space dominance and the space force, stating that nro provides "unsurpassed situational awareness and intelligence for excellent image and signal data on the ground." [84] also in august 2021, former nro deputy director lieutenant general michael goetlein became commander of space systems command. Nro units will be integrated into the space force, with their triangular insignia outlined in black.
National aeronautics and space administration[edit]
National the aeronautics and universe administration (nasa) is an independent agency of the us government responsible for civilian spaceflight. Nasa and space force predecessors in the air force have a longstanding relationship of collaboration, with space force supporting nasa launches from kennedy space center, including range support and task force 45 rescue operations. Planetary defense operations. Nasa astronauts may be members of the space force. Colonel michael s. Hopkins, commander of spacex crew-1, was inducted into the space force from the international space station on december 18 of the new year.[38][39][40]</>As of the middle of the new year, in terms of actual satellites in orbit operated and controlled by the then afspc, the air force reported that there could be four advanced microwave communications; one space-based tracking and surveillance system with advanced risk mitigation technologies (atrr, usa-205); five defense meteorological satellite programs; six satellites of the defense satellite contact system; five defense support programs; 31 global positioning system satellites; four gsaps; five milstar messages; seven space infrared systems (sbirs, infrared, launch warning); two sbss; and seven wgs. Five extraterrestrial flights.[90] usa-299, launched in late spring this year, was the first flight of a spaceplane under space force command.[91]
Personnel[edit]
20 december this year, all members of the former air force space command were transferred to the us space force. Members of the us army, us navy, us marine corps, and us air force have also been assigned to the space force. In total, 16,000 military and civilian personnel were assigned to the creation of the space force. Air force pilot-astronauts began transitioning to space skills this fiscal year, and army astronauts, navy space sailors, and space marines will begin retirement in fy 2022 (october 1, 2021 - september 30, 2022). [94] [update needed]
Space force is creating career paths for the space force's leading organic specialties, including space operations, intelligence, engineering, procurement, science, and cyber/communications. Support majors, including law, medicine, civil engineering, logistics, financial management, security forces, and public relations, are awarded to the air force to support the space force. The members of the space force are called guardians. The guardian title would have a long history in space operations, going back to the air force space command's 1983 motto "guardians of the high lines". This was announced to mark the first birthday of the space force by vice president mike pence on december 18 of this year. At the end of the creation of the space force, they were temporarily called space professionals until a final name was chosen. / >Rank structure[edit]
Officer corps[edit]
April 18, 2020 the us air force academy released the first 86 new junior lieutenants of space forces. Space force officers receive a commission through the united states air force academy, air force reserve officer training programs at civilian universities, and the air force officer training school. The air force academy is considered the main entry route for space force officers, having a space force detachment that will ensure the training, immersion and mentoring of space force cadets. The department of astronautics was established in 1958 and the cadet space operations squadron was founded in 1997. Air force base for the responsible military, which has space programs, including the gray space rhinos program at the squadron officers' school for captains; schriever space scholars program at the aviation command and staff college for majors; and the western space seminar at the air force college for lieutenant colonels and colonels. [103][104] a handful of space force and air force officers attend the school for advanced aerospace studies.[105]
Space force officer specializations include:[92][106] ][107 ]
- 13s - space operations officer - 13sa - orbital warfare officer- 13sb - space electronic warfare officer- 13sd - space battle control officer- 13se - officer space access and support- 17c - cyber warfare commander- 17d - combat fighter liaison officer- 17s - cyber effects operations officer- 62e - development engineer- 62s - procurement manager- 63a - purchasing manager- 63g - senior lower logistics manager- 63s - supervisor
Conscript[edit]
Space force sworn in its first seven recruits on october 20, 2020, completed and basic military training dec. 10, 2020 space force conducts basic training through air force basic military training at lackland air military base, san antonio, texas, training with air force recruits, including a space-themed curriculum. The forrest l. Vosler space force non-commissioned officer academy, operating on the delta (temporary) space training and readiness project at space force base peterson, colorado, provides professional military education for space force technical sergeants.The space force is in the process of creating a separate program of professional military education for enlisted personnel and a field of professional military education for enlisted personnel with a curriculum focused on the doctrine, values and competencies of space work for the given ranks of specialist 4, technical sergeant, senior master sergeant. , And senior master sergeant.[109]
Space force specializations include:[110][106][107]
- 1c6 - attorney for space operations systems- 1n - intelligence specialist - 1n0 - intelligence all sources analyst- 1n1 - geospatial intelligence analyst- 1n2 - signal intelligence analyst- 1n4 - fusion analyst- 1n8 - analyst targeting - 3d0 - cyberspace operations master- 3d1 - cyberspace support specialist
Uniform[edit]
Space force lives in the process introduced its own brand name dress, service wear and physical training uniforms, yet it adopted the air force uniform in the interim. Air force academy space force cadets wear the same uniform as air force cadets; however, in their characteristic blue and white dress uniform, they wear a platinum belt instead of the gold one worn by air force cadets. For evening events and state occasions and consists of a blue tailcoat, blue trousers with a 7.8 inch (2.2 cm) blue satin stripe, a white dress shirt with a satin blue sash, and a bow tie. The rank is worn on blue shoulder straps for officers and on the sleeves of ordinary officers. Officers wear 1/2-inch (one-3 percent cm) silver braid on the sleeve, while generals wear 3-4 inches (1.9 cm) silver braid. Miniature medals and badges are worn in dress uniform.[113] as of may 24, 2022, dress uniforms are optional for all personnel until a space force version of the uniform is available. Category "a" uniforms include a blue three-button coat, matching trousers with a blue belt with a silver buckle, a light blue long or short sleeve collared shirt with two chest pockets and shoulder loops, and a blue tie. The dress coat is worn with a silver badge, ribbons, silver "usa". Collar insignia, us space force insignia on lapels, and full size badges. The metal officer rank is worn on shoulder straps, and the private rank patch is worn on the sleeve. Officers wear a couple of inches (1-3 centimeters) blue braid on the sleeve, and generals wear 1:1-2 inches (3.8 cm) blue braid. Permitted headgear includes a service cap with a silver great seal of the united states on the front or blue field caps and general officers' caps have additional clouds and darts on the peak of the cap, at the same time as the chief of space operations is allowed a ring of clouds and darts around the service cap.[113]
Temporary service cap the blue uniform, also known as the "class b" uniform, is the service dress uniform worn without an overcoat and with an optional tie. The service blue uniform is worn with a blue plastic badge and badges. Outerwear permitted includes a light blue jacket, overcoat, and all-weather coat.[114] enlisted guardians are now permitted to wear insignia x troops, but not the insignia of the air force, and on the uniform of privates - "usa". Lapel pins can now have a hexagon surrounding text. Yet both enlisted and officers can now afford the hexagonal name tags of the final uniform and replace all air force style buttons with the space force versions. Finally, all air force-inspired cap badges can still be replaced by their space force counterpart with a variety of designs for others and officers. These modifications are optional and tied to the availability of new elements.
The space force has adopted the operational camouflage pattern (ocp) as its combat uniform, sharing this art with the us army. And the us air force. The space force is distinguished by the use of a blue thread embroidered space blue ribbon for name ribbons, service ribbons, rank insignia (in addition to major and second lieutenant who use the spicy brown shade) and badges, and fly the full color flag of the united states. Left sleeve. The us space force, field command, delta, school, or other headquarters patch is worn on the left sleeve, and the unit patch is worn on the right sleeve. The extended cold weather clothing system (ecwcs) is authorized to be worn with the ocp uniform. The space force has also allowed the obsolete aviator combat uniform (abu) with a conventional "tiger stripe" pattern to be worn until it is phased out in april 2021.The space force stated that the adoption of the ocp uniform would save the cost of preparing and producing a completely innovative figure and that space force troops are deployed on the ground along with army, marine corps, navy and air force personnel.[117]</> Badges, promotions, and awards[edit]
Space force members wear professional badges on their favorite uniform to indicate the specialty of the job. They may, among other things, wear previously earned badges, professional badges, or badges issued by related agencies. Space force professional badges include the space action badge for 13s space operations officers and 1c6 enlisted space systems specialists, the intelligence badge for 14n intelligence officers and 1n regular intelligence specialists, the cyberspace operator badge for 17x cyber operations officers, and the cyberspace support badge. For 3dx cyberspace support enrolled specialists, and a purchasing and financial management badge for 62x development engineers and 63x purchasing consultants. The air force, the united states space force and the united states air force share the same awards and awards or similar award and award offerings.[118]
Budget[edit]
The 2021 department of defense budget is asking for $1.6 billion for three national security launchers.[123] $1.05 billion of this budget would fund three launches: afspc-36, afspc-87, and afspc-112.[124] the us space force is reportedly working closely with space commercial leaders like elon musk (spacex) and jeff bezos (blue origin) to calculate their mission capabilities. According to lieutenant general david thompson, the us space force is already negotiating a prison contract with blue origin.[125] the budget includes $560 million to upgrade the blue origin, northrop grumman and united launch alliance launch systems. In addition, the 2021 budget requests 1.8 billion greenbacks for a pair of lockheed martin global positioning system (gps) iii systems and other projects to implement the strategy of space superiority.[123] the gps iii system, first launched on december 23 this year, is the latest gps system from contractor lockheed martin; the gps iii system has improved interference avoidance capabilities and is three times more accurate than current gps systems.[126] fiscal year 2021 funds also include $2.5 billion earmarked for a next-gen opir constellation of satellites as part of an increase in the us department of defense's missile defense capability to prevent the likes of north korea.[119] the new millennium opir will provide the us military with a reliable worldwide missile attack notification system.[127] this new generation of satellites will be paired with the existing spaceborne permanent infrared system (sbirs); sbirs will end production in 2022, and the first state-of-the-art opir satellite is expected in 2025.[124] the fiscal year 2023 budget request includes $1,000,000 of us air force milpers family cash that has been donated to the space force.
Space force has received mixed reactions from think tanks regarding policy. The center for strategic and european studies has backed the creation of the new service, arguing that certification is required to consolidate the responsibility for national security in space, which has now been divided among 60 different organizations. They also argued that the space force was needed to develop the space arcade - and the doctrine, and to create something that space agencies would not be left without participation. The heritage foundation also supported the creation of the space force, citing the existence of anti-satellite threats from the side of the people's republic of china - and the russian federation, as well as the formation of the aerospace forces of the russian federation and the reorganization of the space forces to the motherland and the nerve cells of the strategic support of the people's liberation army of china in 2015.[129] the state oversight project opposed the creation of a space force, arguing that the centralization of military assets had led to more duplication and led to tensions between services.[130] according to the us department of defense, building a space force will cost $13 billion over a number of years.[130] the cato institute admitted that the creation of space forces was premature due to the uncertainty of their military and international impact. The campaign sold unofficial space force merchandise, a practice for which he was criticized. The creation of space force has sparked jokes, memes and controversy online. Late-night talk show hosts like jimmy kimmel and stephen colbert joked about the idea.The netflix comedy show space force has a plot attached to the creation of the us space force. Space force has been accused of being a "vanity project" by president trump, despite the fact that such a concept has been discussed since the 1990s as a drug to counter military threats to the people's republic of china - and the russian federation in interstellar space. In 2018, trump claimed to have created the idea of the space force by saying that "no russian had even thought of the space force" before him, when in fact it was first proposed by representatives jim cooper and mike rogers that year.[136 ] following the inauguration of president joe biden in january 2021, white house press secretary jen psaki confirmed that the biden administration would not reconsider the founding of the space force.[137]
Logos, uniforms, and the choice of words used by space force has led to comparisons with sci-fi franchises and, at times, criticism on social media. The delta on its stamps and emblem has been compared to the starfleet symbol from star trek,[138] and referring to their personnel as "custodians" has been compared to the marvel movie guardians of the galaxy.[139] the space forces responded that the delta symbol would have a long history of use by the military space forces before star trek [138], and that the name "guardian" was derived from the air force space command's 1983 motto "guardians of the high frontiers". 139]
Following the departure of donald trump from the presidency and the authorization of the creation of the space force by the biden administration, less critical and extremely analytical coverage of the space force has emerged. Senior officers and commentators interviewed by politico in a late winter 2021 article agreed with the fact that president trump's influence and image were partly responsible for the negative impact on the space force and that it takes time to restore their public image. In another article in the conversation from february 2021, wendy whitman cobb, a professor at the university of the air, blamed rules and regulations on derisive and inaccurate public perceptions of the space effort on the influence of science fiction and popular pop culture, stating that current depictions of the space force in pop culture strength is a playful distraction from the serious responsibilities that the ussf take on." The impact of military fiction on american culture, or on the public image of donald trump since its inception, but also the subsequent appropriation and politicization of the idea of space force by president trump and concrete supporters.[142] in late spring 2022, the american homefront project, a collaborative project of community journals reporting on military and veteran affairs, published an article consulting with many space force cadets and officers that clarified the role of the space force and emphasized its importance as a unit. 143]
Asteroid impact preventionspace forces associationstrategic defense initiativemilitarization of spacewomen in us fantastic forceslinks [edit] ]
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